On this day, following the German annexation of Austria, the Mauthausen concentration camp in Upper Austria was established. Under the orders of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler, the Nazis established the Mauthausen concentration camp to expand the German concentration camp network. The camp was one of the first major concentration camp complexes in Nazi-occupied Europe and the last to be liberated by the Allied powers. Mauthausen was classified as a “Grade III” concentration camp; the intention was for it to be one of the most brutal camps. From August 1938 to May 1945, Mauthausen's death toll was approximately 95,000, where inmates comprised of “unwanted” groups such as Jews, LGBTQ+ people, people of Romani descent, and many more. The camp most notably deported Jews from the Netherlands, Austria, Hungary, and Poland.